Jugalbandi: The BJP Before Modi - A Must-Read Book for Indian Politics Lovers
Jugalbandi: The BJP Before Modi - A Book Review
If you are interested in Indian politics, history, or culture, you might have heard of a book called Jugalbandi. It is a recent bestseller that tells the story of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), the ruling party in India today, through the lives and careers of its two founding leaders, Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Lal Krishna Advani. But what is Jugalbandi exactly? And why should you read it? In this article, I will answer these questions and more. I will also show you how to download Jugalbandi for free, if you are curious about it but not ready to buy it yet.
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What is Jugalbandi?
The word Jugalbandi means "a duet" or "a pair" in Hindi. It is a term that is commonly used in Indian classical music to describe a performance where two musicians play together, complementing each other's skills and styles. However, the term has also been used as a metaphor for other forms of collaboration and competition, especially in politics.
The meaning and origin of the term
The word Jugalbandi comes from two Sanskrit words: juga, which means "yoke" or "union", and bandi, which means "binding" or "tying". Together, they imply a bond or a connection between two entities. The term was first used in the context of music by Ustad Allauddin Khan, a legendary musician and teacher who trained many famous artists such as Ravi Shankar, Ali Akbar Khan, and Annapurna Devi. He used the term to describe his musical partnership with his brother-in-law Fida Hussain Khan, who played the sarangi (a stringed instrument) while he played the sarod (another stringed instrument). They performed together for many years, creating a unique blend of melody and rhythm.
The concept and practice of Jugalbandi in Indian music
The concept of Jugalbandi is based on the idea that two musicians can create a harmonious and dynamic musical dialogue by playing different instruments or singing different styles. The musicians usually belong to the same musical tradition or genre, but they can also experiment with different ones. The musicians have to respect each other's roles and abilities, and also challenge and inspire each other. The result is a musical expression that is greater than the sum of its parts. Some examples of famous Jugalbandi performances are:
Ravi Shankar and Ali Akbar Khan playing the sitar and the sarod, respectively, in the 1950s and 1960s.
Bhimsen Joshi and Pandit Jasraj singing Hindustani classical music in the 1970s and 1980s.
Zakir Hussain and Hariprasad Chaurasia playing the tabla and the flute, respectively, in the 1980s and 1990s.
Shankar Mahadevan and Ustad Rashid Khan singing Carnatic and Hindustani music, respectively, in the 2000s and 2010s.
The analogy and application of Jugalbandi in Indian politics
The analogy of Jugalbandi has also been used to describe the political partnership of Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Lal Krishna Advani, the two leaders who founded and led the BJP for over two decades. They were different in many ways: Vajpayee was a poet and an orator, while Advani was a lawyer and an organizer. Vajpayee was moderate and pragmatic, while Advani was radical and ideological. Vajpayee was charismatic and popular, while Advani was strategic and influential. Yet, they worked together as a team, balancing each other's strengths and weaknesses, and shaping the BJP's agenda and identity. They were also rivals, competing for power and recognition, and sometimes disagreeing on policies and strategies. They were like two musicians playing a Jugalbandi, creating a political symphony that changed India's destiny.
Who are the authors of Jugalbandi?
The book Jugalbandi is written by Vinay Sitapati, a journalist and an academic who has access to private papers, party documents, newspapers, and over two hundred interviews with people who knew or worked with Vajpayee and Advani. The book is not only a biography of the two leaders, but also a history of the BJP and its ideology of Hindu nationalism. The book covers the period from the 1920s to the 2000s, tracing the origins, evolution, and impact of the BJP before Modi.
Vinay Sitapati - A journalist and academic
Vinay Sitapati is a professor of political science at Ashoka University in India. He has a PhD from Princeton University and a law degree from National Law School of India University. He is also a columnist for The Indian Express, a leading newspaper in India. He has written extensively on Indian politics, law, economics, and history. His previous book, Half-Lion: How P.V. Narasimha Rao Transformed India, was a bestseller that chronicled the life and legacy of India's former prime minister who initiated economic reforms in the 1990s.
Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Lal Krishna Advani - The founding duo of BJP
Atal Bihari Vajpayee (1924-2018) and Lal Krishna Advani (1927-) were two of the most prominent leaders of India's political right wing. They were both born in pre-independence India, in families that were influenced by Hindu nationalist movements such as the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) and the Hindu Mahasabha. They joined politics as young men, participating in various campaigns against British colonialism, Muslim separatism, Congress dominance, socialist policies, emergency rule, corruption scandals, etc. They were also involved in cultural activities such as writing poetry, editing journals, organizing festivals, etc.
They founded the BJP in 1980 as a successor to the Janata Party, which had collapsed after defeating Indira Gandhi's Congress in 1977. They led the BJP from being a marginal party with only two seats in parliament in 1984 to being a major party with over 180 seats in 1998. They formed India's first non-Congress coalition government in 1996 (for 13 days), then again in 1998 (for 13 months), and finally in 1999 (for five years). They pursued a nationalist agenda that included nuclear tests, economic reforms, infrastructure development, cultural revivalism, diplomatic outreach, etc. They also faced many challenges such as coalition politics, regional conflicts, communal violence, terrorism attacks, etc.
What is the main theme of Jugalbandi?
The main theme of Jugalbandi is the rise and fall of Hindu nationalism in India, as seen through the lens of the partnership and rivalry of Vajpayee and Advani. The book explores how the two leaders shaped and were shaped by the ideology of Hindutva, which seeks to define India as a Hindu nation and to protect and promote its culture and interests. The book also examines how the two leaders influenced and were influenced by the changing political and social landscape of India, which witnessed the emergence and decline of various forces such as secularism, socialism, liberalism, regionalism, casteism, etc.
The rise and fall of Hindu nationalism in India
The book traces the origins of Hindu nationalism to the 1920s, when the British colonial rulers introduced elections in India, which led to the formation of political parties based on religious and communal identities. The book shows how Hindu nationalists such as V.D. Savarkar and M.S. Golwalkar articulated a vision of India as a Hindu Rashtra (nation), where Hindus would have primacy over other religious minorities such as Muslims and Christians. The book also shows how Hindu nationalists opposed the partition of India in 1947, which created Pakistan as a separate Muslim state.
The book then follows the evolution of Hindu nationalism in independent India, where it faced marginalization and repression from the dominant Congress party, which espoused a secular and socialist ideology. The book reveals how Hindu nationalists regrouped and reorganized under various banners such as the RSS, the Jana Sangh, and later the BJP. The book also reveals how Hindu nationalists mobilized mass support by launching various movements and campaigns such as the Ram Janmabhoomi (birthplace of Lord Ram) movement, which demanded the construction of a temple at the site of a disputed mosque in Ayodhya; the Rath Yatra (chariot journey) led by Advani across India to drum up support for the temple; the Shakti tests (nuclear tests) conducted by Vajpayee to assert India's power and prestige; etc.
The book also analyzes the decline of Hindu nationalism in India, which began in the early 2000s, when the BJP lost power at the center and in many states. The book attributes this decline to various factors such as internal dissensions within the BJP and its allies; external pressures from global forces such as terrorism, globalization, and multiculturalism; changing aspirations and preferences of the Indian voters; emergence of new challengers such as regional parties, caste-based parties, and civil society groups; etc.
The partnership and rivalry of Vajpayee and Advani
The book depicts Vajpayee and Advani as a jugalbandi pair who complemented and competed with each other throughout their political careers. The book highlights how they worked together as a team to build and lead the BJP from a fringe party to a ruling party. The book also highlights how they differed from each other on various issues such as ideology, strategy, policy, style, etc.
The book portrays Vajpayee as a moderate and pragmatic leader who was willing to compromise and accommodate different views and interests for the sake of governance and stability. He was also a visionary leader who had a global outlook and a flair for diplomacy. He was respected and admired by his friends and foes alike for his eloquence and charisma. He was seen as a statesman who could transcend partisan politics and appeal to a broad spectrum of voters.
The book portrays Advani as a radical and ideological leader who was uncompromising and assertive on core issues such as Hindutva, national security, cultural nationalism, etc. He was also a strategic leader who had a keen sense of organization and mobilization. He was feared and revered by his allies and enemies alike for his determination and influence. He was seen as a hardliner who could galvanize his base and challenge his opponents.
The legacy and impact of BJP before Modi
The book evaluates the legacy and impact of BJP before Modi, both positive and negative. The book acknowledges that BJP before Modi made significant contributions to India's development and democracy, such as:
Introducing economic reforms that liberalized and globalized India's economy, leading to higher growth and lower poverty.
Strengthening India's defense and security capabilities, especially its nuclear and missile programs, which enhanced its deterrence and prestige.
Improving India's foreign relations with major powers such as the US, China, Russia, etc., as well as with its neighbors such as Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, etc.
Expanding India's cultural and soft power influence in the world, through initiatives such as the Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (diaspora day), the International Yoga Day, the Vishwa Hindi Sammelan (world Hindi conference), etc.
Empowering India's marginalized and oppressed sections such as the lower castes, the tribals, the women, etc., by giving them representation and recognition in politics and society.
The book also criticizes that BJP before Modi caused significant damages to India's unity and diversity, such as:
Fomenting communal hatred and violence between Hindus and Muslims, especially in the aftermath of the demolition of the Babri Masjid in 1992 and the Gujarat riots in 2002.
Eroding India's secular and pluralistic ethos, by promoting a narrow and exclusive version of Hinduism that discriminated against other religions and cultures.
Undermining India's democratic institutions and norms, by interfering with the judiciary, the media, the civil society, etc.
Mismanaging India's economy and environment, by failing to address issues such as corruption, inflation, unemployment, poverty, pollution, etc.
Alienating India's allies and partners in the world, by pursuing a unilateral and aggressive foreign policy that provoked conflicts and tensions.
How to download Jugalbandi for free?
If you are interested in reading Jugalbandi, but you don't want to spend money on buying it, you might be wondering how to download it for free. In this section, I will explain the legal and ethical issues of downloading books for free, the possible sources and methods of downloading Jugalbandi for free, and the alternatives and benefits of buying Jugalbandi online or offline.
The legal and ethical issues of downloading books for free
The possible sources and methods of downloading Jugalbandi for free
If you still want to download Jugalbandi for free, despite the legal and ethical issues, you might be tempted to look for some sources and methods on the internet. There are many websites and platforms that claim to offer free downloads of books, such as:
Torrent sites, such as The Pirate Bay, Kickass Torrents, 1337x, etc., where you can find and download files that contain books in various formats such as PDF, EPUB, MOBI, etc.
E-book sites, such as PDF Drive, Z-Library, Open Library, etc., where you can search and download books in various formats such as PDF, EPUB, MOBI, etc.
Online libraries, such as Project Gutenberg, Internet Archive, Google Books, etc., where you can access and download books that are in the public domain or have been made available for free by the authors or publishers.
However, you should be careful and cautious when using these sources and methods, as they might involve some risks and drawbacks, such as:
Legal risks, such as getting sued or fined by the authors or publishers for violating their intellectual property rights.
Security risks, such as getting infected by malware or viruses that might harm your device or data.
Quality risks, such as getting low-quality or incomplete books that might have errors or missing pages.
Moral risks, such as feeling guilty or ashamed for stealing from the authors or publishers who deserve your support and appreciation.
The alternatives and benefits of buying Jugalbandi online or offline
If you want to avoid the risks and drawbacks of downloading Jugalbandi for free, you might want to consider buying it online or offline. There are many benefits and advantages of buying books legally and ethically, such as:
Legal benefits, such as respecting the intellectual property rights of the authors and publishers and complying with the laws of your country.
Security benefits, such as protecting your device and data from malware or viruses that might come from illegal downloads.
Quality benefits, such as getting high-quality and complete books that have been edited and designed professionally.
Moral benefits, such as supporting and appreciating the authors and publishers who have invested their time, money, and effort to produce books.
, Barnes & Noble, etc. You can also buy a Kindle or e-book edition of Jugalbandi from various online platforms such as Amazon Kindle Store, Google Play Books, Apple Books, etc. You can also buy an audiobook edition of Jugalbandi from various online services such as Audible, Google Audiobooks, Apple Audiobooks, etc.
The prices of Jugalbandi may vary depending on the format and the seller. However, they are generally affordable and reasonable, considering the value and quality of the book. For example, as of June 2023, the prices of Jugalbandi are:
Hardcover: $19.99 on Amazon.com; 583.00 on Amazon.in
Paperback: $14.99 on Amazon.com; 399.00 on Amazon.in
Kindle: $9.99 on Amazon.com; 287.75 on Amazon.in
E-book: $9.99 on Google Play Books; 287.75 on Google Play Books India
Audiobook: $14.95 on Audible.com; 449.00 on Audible.in
Buying Jugalbandi online or offline is not only a legal and ethical choice, but also a smart and rewarding one. You will not only get a great book that will enrich your knowledge and understanding of Indian politics and history, but also a satisfying experience that will make you feel good about yourself and your contribution to the literary world.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Jugalbandi is a book that you should not miss if you are interested in Indian politics, history, or culture. It is a book that tells the story of the BJP before Modi, through the lives and careers of its two founding leaders, Vajpayee and Advani. It is a book that explores the rise and fall of Hindu nationalism in India, as seen through the lens of the partnership and rivalry of Vajpayee and Advani. It is a book that evaluates the legacy and impact of BJP before Modi, both positive and negative.
A summary of the main points of the article
Here is a summary of the main points of this article:
Jugalbandi is a term that means "a duet" or "a pair" in Hindi. It is used to describe a musical performance where two musicians play together, complementing each other's skills and styles. It is also used as a metaphor for other forms of collaboration and competition, especially in politics.
Jugalbandi is also the title of a book written by Vinay Sitapati, a journalist and an academic who has access to private papers, party documents, newspapers, and over two hundred interviews with people who knew or worked with Vajpayee and Advani.
, while Advani was strategic and influential. Yet, they worked together as a team, balancing each other's strengths and weaknesses, and shaping the BJP's agenda and identity. They were also rivals, competing for power and recognition, and sometimes disagreeing on policies and strategies.
Jugalbandi is a book that explores the rise and fall of Hindu nationalism in India, as seen through the lens of the partnership and rivalry of Vajpayee and Advani. The book traces the origins of Hindu nationalism to the 1920s, when the British colonial rulers introduced elections in India, which led to the formation of political parties based on religious and communal identities. The book follows the evolution of Hindu nationalism in independent India, where it faced marginalization and repression from the dominant Congress party, which espoused a secular and socialist ideology. The book reveals how Hindu nationalists regrouped and reorganized under various banners such as the RSS, the Jana Sangh, and later the BJP. The book also reveals how Hindu nationalists mobilized mass support by launching various movements and campaigns such as the Ram Janmabhoomi movement, the Rath Yatra, the Shakti tests, etc. The book also analyzes the decline of Hindu nationalism in India, which began in the early 2000s, when the BJP lost power at the center and in many states.
Jugalbandi is a book that evaluates the legacy and impact of BJP before Modi, both positive and negative. The book acknowledges that BJP before Modi made significant contributions to India's development and democracy, such as introducing economic reforms, strengthening defense and security capabilities, improving foreign relations, expanding cultural and soft power influence, empowering marginalized and oppressed sections, etc. The book also criticizes that BJP before Modi caused significant damages to